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Nellore

Coordinates: 14°27′N 79°59′E / 14.45°N 79.99°E / 14.45; 79.99
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Nellore
Sri Potti Sri Ramulu Nelluru
Vikirama Simhapuri
City
SPSR Nellore
Nickname: 
Shrimp Capital of India
Map
Interactive map
Nellore is located in India
Nellore
Nellore
Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
Nellore is located in Andhra Pradesh
Nellore
Nellore
Nellore (Andhra Pradesh)
Nellore is located in India
Nellore
Nellore
Nellore (India)
Nellore is located in Asia
Nellore
Nellore
Nellore (Asia)
Nellore is located in Earth
Nellore
Nellore
Nellore (Earth)
Coordinates: 14°27′N 79°59′E / 14.45°N 79.99°E / 14.45; 79.99
Country India
StateAndhra Pradesh
DistrictNellore
Incorporated (Municipality)1 November 1866
Incorporated (Corporation)2004
Named forIndian gooseberry
Government
 • TypeMunicipal Corporation
 • BodyNellore Municipal Corporation
 • MPVemireddy Prabhakar Reddy
Area
[1][2]
 • City149.2 km2 (57.6 sq mi)
Population
 (2011)[1][2][3]
 • City600,869
 • Rank4th (in AP)
 • Density4,000/km2 (10,000/sq mi)
 • Metro
[2]
600,869
DemonymNellorean
Literacy
Languages
 • OfficialTelugu
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
524001-524005
Area code+91–861
Vehicle registrationAP-39
Nominal GDP(2023-24)₹16,989 crore (US$2.0 billion)[4]
ClimateAs
Websitenellore.cdma.ap.gov.in

Nellore is a city located on the banks of Penna River,[5] in Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh, India.[6] It serves as the headquarters of the district, as well as Nellore mandal and Nellore revenue division.[7] It is the fourth most populous city in the state. It is at a distance of 279 kilometres (173 mi) from Vijayawada and about 170 km (110 mi) north of Chennai, Tamil Nadu and also about 380 km (240 mi) east-northeast of Bangalore, Karnataka.

Etymology

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There are various theories linked to the origin of the name Nellore. According to a mythological story from the Sthala Purana, the name is connected to a sacred lingam in the form of a stone found beneath a Phyllanthus emblica tree, also known as the nelli tree (nelli, meaning 'emblica tree' in Proto-Dravidian and Telugu). The presence of the nelli tree in this story is believed to be one of the etymological roots of the region's name.

Another theory is that the name "Nellore" is derived from the Tamil word "nellu", which means "paddy" or "rice." The region is renowned for its vast rice cultivation, and the name reflects its agricultural heritage and the importance of rice production in the area. Over time, the name "Nelluru" evolved into the modern form "Nellore," used in both Telugu and Tamil-speaking regions.[8]

Historically, the area was known as Vikrama Simhapuri in medieval era. The abundance of paddy fields eventually led to the name being changed to Nellore. The region has long been associated with agriculture, particularly rice cultivation, which continues to play a significant role in its economy today.[9][10]

History

[edit]

Nellore had been under the rule of Mauryas, Satavahanas, Cholas, Pallavas, Pandyas, Kharavela of Chedi dynasty, Kakatiyas, Eastern Gangas of Kalinga Empire, Vijayanagara Empire, Arcot Nawabs and other dynasties.[citation needed]

Nellore was ruled by Ashoka of the Mauryan dynasty in the 3rd century BCE. Nellore was conquered by the rulers of the Pallava dynasty and it was under their rule till the 6th century CE, subsequently the Chola rulers ruled Nellore for a long period of time. The Cholas met their decline in the 13th century CE. Tamil inscriptions indicate that it formed part of Chola kingdom till their decline in the thirteenth century CE.[11] It later became a part of Kakatiyas, Vijayanagara Empire, Sultanate of Golconda, Mughal Empire and Arcot Nawab. In 1758 Marathas under the command of Balwant Rao Captured Nellore from Nazibulla.[12] In the 18th century, Nellore was taken over by the British from the Arcot Nawabs and was part of the Madras Presidency of British India.

British rule – Madras Presidency

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The first account was produced by John Boswell in 1873 as collector. This report by the British Includes Climate, agriculture, health statistics as well important taxation information. Social structure including important families of Nellore from the 1800s. These included Venketagiri Raja, kalhastri Rajah, The Chundi Zamindhar, The Mutiyalpad Zamindhar, Sayidapur Zamindhar, Jupalli Zamindhars of Udayagiri, Udayagiri Jaghirediar, the Vazella Zamidhars of Gudur, Zamindhars of Ongole, Turrawar Poligar, Tadeboyina Polighar, The Chettiars Polighar, The Udathawar Polighar, The Gangulawar Poighar and Buchireddypalem Family. These families under the British Raj were responsible for the villages and lands in their possession. The British recognized the importance of Nellore in cultivation as well as important port of Krishnapatam.[13] The city had an important role in the emergence of the Telugu language and the formation of the state of Andhra Pradesh. Potti Sriramulu, who fasted until death for the formation of Andhra Pradesh, hailed from Nellore.[citation needed]

Geography

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Location

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Nellore is located at 14°26′N 79°59′E / 14.44°N 79.98°E / 14.44; 79.98.[14][15] It has an average elevation of 18 metres (59 ft).[15]

Climate

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The climate of Nellore city can be placed under Tropical Savanna climate category according to Köppen climate classification which has hot and humid summers and warm winters. April and May are the hottest months and the hot conditions generally last until the end of the June. December, January and February are the coolest months. As the Bay of Bengal is at a distance of 24 kilometres (15 mi) from the city, the sea breeze renders the climate of the city moderate both in winter and in summer. Humidity level in the city is high due to its proximity to the coast. Nellore does not receive the south-west monsoon. Rainfall in Nellore occurs between the months of October and December due to the north-east monsoon. This period gives about 60 percent of the city's annual rainfall. Cyclones are common in the city during this period, causing floods and havoc.[16]

The maximum temperature is 36 to 46 °C (97 to 115 °F) during summer[17] and the minimum temperature is 23 to 25 °C (73 to 77 °F) during winter. The rainfall ranges from 700 to 1,000 mm (28 to 39 in) through South West and North East Monsoons. Nellore is subject both to droughts and to floods based on the seasons.[18]

Climate data for Nellore (1991–2020, extremes 1901–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 35.6
(96.1) 		39.4
(102.9) 		43.9
(111.0) 		45.6
(114.1) 		46.7
(116.1) 		46.7
(116.1) 		42.2
(108.0) 		40.6
(105.1) 		41.7
(107.1) 		40.7
(105.3) 		36.9
(98.4) 		35.4
(95.7) 		46.7
(116.1)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 30.2
(86.4) 		32.4
(90.3) 		35.3
(95.5) 		37.8
(100.0) 		40.1
(104.2) 		38.2
(100.8) 		36.0
(96.8) 		35.1
(95.2) 		35.0
(95.0) 		33.3
(91.9) 		30.5
(86.9) 		29.5
(85.1) 		34.5
(94.1)
Daily mean °C (°F) 25.5
(77.9) 		27.2
(81.0) 		29.5
(85.1) 		32.0
(89.6) 		33.8
(92.8) 		32.7
(90.9) 		31.3
(88.3) 		30.6
(87.1) 		30.4
(86.7) 		29.1
(84.4) 		27.0
(80.6) 		25.4
(77.7) 		29.5
(85.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 21.1
(70.0) 		22.2
(72.0) 		24.1
(75.4) 		26.5
(79.7) 		28.7
(83.7) 		28.6
(83.5) 		27.5
(81.5) 		26.9
(80.4) 		26.6
(79.9) 		25.5
(77.9) 		23.6
(74.5) 		21.8
(71.2) 		25.3
(77.5)
Record low °C (°F) 15.0
(59.0) 		16.1
(61.0) 		17.2
(63.0) 		20.2
(68.4) 		20.2
(68.4) 		21.1
(70.0) 		22.2
(72.0) 		21.7
(71.1) 		21.5
(70.7) 		18.9
(66.0) 		16.7
(62.1) 		14.4
(57.9) 		14.4
(57.9)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 19.7
(0.78) 		2.3
(0.09) 		3.5
(0.14) 		8.7
(0.34) 		36.1
(1.42) 		40.5
(1.59) 		84.0
(3.31) 		107.6
(4.24) 		97.1
(3.82) 		268.6
(10.57) 		287.9
(11.33) 		111.4
(4.39) 		1,067.4
(42.02)
Average rainy days 1.1 0.2 0.2 0.5 1.1 3.6 5.8 6.5 5.6 8.5 9.0 3.7 45.8
Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) 65 61 61 62 54 52 54 57 62 70 75 70 62
Source 1: India Meteorological Department[19][20][21]
Source 2: Tokyo Climate Center (mean temperatures 1991–2020)[22]

Nellore has been ranked 18th best “National Clean Air City” under (Category 2 3-10L Population cities) in India.[23]

Demographics

[edit]
Religion in Nellore[24]
Religion Percent
Hinduism
 
 78.72%
Islam
 
 19.03%
Christianity
 
 1.59%
Others
 
 0.66%
Others include Sikhs, Buddhist, Jains & Parsis

As of the 2011[a] census, Nellore city had a population of 505,258. The average literacy rate stands at 83.59% (male 87.53%; female 79.52%) with 387,192 literates, significantly higher than the state average of 73.00%.[27][28] The expanded city population, post-merger of 15 gram panchayats into Nellore Municipal Corporation stands at 631,791[29]

Historical population[1]
Year Population Growth rate
1961 106776 ---
1971 133590 25.1%
1981 237065 77.5%
1991 316606 33.6%
2001 404775 27.8%
2011 558,548 35.29%

Education

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The primary and secondary school education is imparted by government, aided, and private schools of the School Education Department of the state.[30][31] The medium of instruction followed by different schools are English and Telugu.[32]

Governance

[edit]
Tikkana Park in Nellore

Civic administration

[edit]

Nellore Municipal Corporation was constituted as a municipality on 1 November 1866 by the Madras District Municipality Act.[33][34] It was upgraded to corporation on 18 October 2004 and has a jurisdictional area of 150.48 km2 (58.10 sq mi) with 54 wards.[35] In 2013, fifteen gram panchayats namely, Allipuram, Ambhapuram, Buja Buja Nellore, Chinthareddypalem, Gudupallipadu, Gundlapalem, Kallurupalli, Kanaparthypadu, Kodurupadu, Narayanareddypeta, Navalakulathota, Nellore Bit-I (Kothuru), Peddacherukuru, Pottipalem, Vavilatepadhu were merged into the municipal corporation.[36] Present mayor of the city is Sravanthi.[37]

The city is one among the 31 cities in the state to be a part of water supply and sewerage services mission known as Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT).[38]

Politics

[edit]

Nellore is represented by Nellore City assembly constituency and Nellore Rural assembly constituency for Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly. Ponguru Narayana is the present MLA of Nellore City assembly constituency representing Telugu Desam Party.[39] Kotamreddy Sridhar Reddy is the present MLA of Nellore Rural assembly constituency representing Telugu Desam Party.[40][41]

Culture

[edit]
Nellore water tank
Further information: Sri Moolastaneswara Swamy Temple

The residents of the city are generally referred as Nelloreans.[42] The Rottela Panduga (Roti festival) is an annual urs event celebrated at the Bara Shaheed Dargah (shrine of twelve martyrs) on the banks of Swarnala Cheruvu.[43] The event got its name after the practice of exchanging flat breads and attracts visitors from all religious backgrounds every year and from all over the country and also from foreign countries.[44]

Cuisine

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Chepala Pulusu (fish curry) is a non-vegetarian recipe of the Nellore district, prepared from Korramennu.[45] Malai Kaja Nellore Famous Sweet is a local sweet made from maida, milk and sugar.[46]

Amenities

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Media

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Zaminryot newspaper, established in 1930,[47] and the Lawyer Weekly newspaper[48] are based out of Nellore. In addition, Eenadu,[citation needed] Vaartha AndhraJyothy[49] and Sakshi[50] newspapers are also printing local editions in Nellore.

Transport

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Main article: Transport in Nellore
National Highway 16 at Nellore
Nellore Railway Station

Local transport in the city include, two, three and four wheelers.[51] Of these, privately operated auto rickshaws numbered around 6,000 in 2017, dominating most parts of the city for local commuting.[52] Nellore bus station of the city operates district and long-distance services.[53] Nellore railway station is classified as an A grade and Adarsh station in the Vijayawada railway division of South Central Railway zone.[54] The city also has three small railway stations namely, Nellore South,[55] Vedayapalem.[56] and Padugupadu railway station The Southern Railway operates MEMUs regularly for commuting between Nellore and Chennai Central.[57] There is also a proposal to build a no frills airport for the city.[58]

The city has a total road length of 1,189.95 km (739.40 mi).[59] The proposed Outer Ring Road, existing arterial and internal roads helps reduce traffic congestion.[52] The city is connected with major National highways such as, National Highway 16, a part of Asian Highway 45 and Golden Quadrilateral, bypasses the city.[60]

Notable people

[edit]

See also

[edit]

Notes

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  1. ^ The planned 2021 census of India was delayed due to the Covid pandemic. As general elections are due in April 2024, further postponement has become necessary. It is now envisaged it will commence in late 2024.[25][26]

References

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  1. ^ a b c Swachha Andhra Corporation (October 2016). "4.0 Brief about the Project Area". Integrated Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Management Project: Draft Detailed Project Report for Nellore (CLUSTER V) Nellore Cluster (PDF) (Report). Government of Andhra Pradesh. p. 20. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 October 2020. Retrieved 9 June 2019.
  2. ^ a b c Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India (June 2014), "District Census Handbook – Sri Potti Sriramulu Nellore: Village and Town Wise Primary Census Abstract (PCA)", 2011 Census of India, Directorate of Census Operations Andhra Pradesh, pp. 27, 427–441, Series 29 — Part XII B, retrieved 14 November 2015 (PDF file download– 5MB) Archived 2 June 2022 at the Wayback Machine
  3. ^ Ravikiran, G. "Fertile lands turning into concrete jungle". The Hindu. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
  4. ^ https://des.ap.gov.in/MainPage.do?mode=menuBind&tabname=publications
  5. ^ Ravikiran, G. "Lakhs celebrate 'gobbemma festival'". The Hindu. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
  6. ^ Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India (June 2014), "District Census Handbook – Sri Potti Sriramulu Nellore: Village and Town Wise Primary Census Abstract (PCA)", 2011 Census of India, Directorate of Census Operations Andhra Pradesh, p. 25, Series 29 — Part XII B, retrieved 14 November 2015 (PDF file download– 5MB) Archived 2 June 2022 at the Wayback Machine
  7. ^ "District Census Hand Book : Guntur (Part A)" (PDF). Census of India. Directorate of Census Operations, Andhra Pradesh. 2011. p. 164. Retrieved 1 June 2019.
  8. ^ Burrow, T.; Emeneau, M. B. (1984). A Dravidian Etymological Dictionary. Clarendon Press.
  9. ^ Sastri, Nilakanta (1935). The Colas. University of Madras.
  10. ^ Ramaswamy, Vijaya (2007). Historical Dictionary of the Tamils. Scarecrow Press.
  11. ^ (1908) The Imperial Gazetteer of India. Volume 19. Nayakanhatti to Parbhani. Clarendon Press. p. 9
  12. ^ Madras, Government of (2004). Gazetteer of the Nellore District: Brought Upto 1938. Asian Educational Services. p. 70-71. ISBN 978-81-206-1851-0.
  13. ^ Boswell, John (1873). A Manual of the Nellore District (1 ed.). H. Morgan at the Government Press. p. 891.
  14. ^ "Latitude and Longitude of Nellore, Andhra Pradesh | Nellore Coordinates". www.mapsofindia.com. Retrieved 25 March 2016.
  15. ^ a b "Maps, Weather, and Airports for Nellore, India". fallingrain.com.
  16. ^ "Welcome to Nellore". ap.nic.in. Archived from the original on 31 January 2015.
  17. ^ "Nellore and Ongole record season's highest temperatures". Deccan Chronicle. 7 May 2019. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
  18. ^ "District Profile | Nellore Municipal Corporation". Archived from the original on 23 October 2019. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
  19. ^ "Climatological Tables of Observatories in India 1991-2020" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. Retrieved 8 April 2024.
  20. ^ "Station: Nellore Climatological Table 1981–2010" (PDF). Climatological Normals 1981–2010. India Meteorological Department. January 2015. pp. 549–550. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 19 February 2020.
  21. ^ "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M16. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 19 February 2020.
  22. ^ "Normals Data: Nellore – India Latitude: 14.45°N Longitude: 79.98°E Height: 19 (m)". Japan Meteorological Agency. Retrieved 1 December 2022.
  23. ^ "Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2024" (PDF). Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2024. 7 September 2024.
  24. ^ "Census of India – Socio-cultural aspects". Government of India, Ministry of Home Affairs. Archived from the original on 20 May 2011. Retrieved 2 March 2011.
  25. ^ Singh, Vijaita (5 January 2023). "Decennial census exercise postponed till September 2023". The Hindu.
  26. ^ "Census to be delayed again, deadline for freezing administrative boundaries pushed to January 1, 2024". The Indian Express. 2 July 2023.
  27. ^ "Cities having population 1 lakh and above" (PDF). Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 26 March 2012.
  28. ^ "Literacy of AP (Census 2011)" (PDF). AP govt. portal. p. 43. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 11 June 2014.
  29. ^ "Smart wards: Nellore woos industrialists". The Hindu. Nellore. 26 January 2015. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
  30. ^ "School Education Department" (PDF). School Education Department, Government of Andhra Pradesh. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 December 2015. Retrieved 7 November 2016.
  31. ^ "The Department of School Education – Official AP State Government Portal | AP State Portal". www.ap.gov.in. Archived from the original on 7 November 2016. Retrieved 7 November 2016.
  32. ^ "Nellore Municipal Corporation school outshines corporate". Deccan Chronicle. 23 June 2015. Retrieved 9 November 2016.
  33. ^ Ravikiran, G. (1 April 2014). "Fertile lands turning into concrete jungle". The Hindu. Retrieved 31 October 2016.
  34. ^ "Municipalities, Municipal Corporations & UDAs" (PDF). Directorate of Town and Country Planning. Government of Andhra Pradesh. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 August 2016. Retrieved 29 January 2016.
  35. ^ "Municipality Profile". Nellore Municipal Corporation. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
  36. ^ "SPSR NELLORE-District Panchayat". www.nellorzp.appr.gov.in. Retrieved 31 October 2016.
  37. ^ Ravi Kiran, G (12 April 2015). "Civic body gears up to tackle water woes". Th Hindu. Nellore. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
  38. ^ Vadlapatla, Sribala (11 August 2015). "Amaravati among 31 AP cities selected for Amruth development". The Times of India. Hyderabad. Retrieved 18 December 2015.
  39. ^ "Nellore City Assembly 2014 Election Results". Elections.in. Retrieved 14 October 2014.
  40. ^ "MLA". AP State Portal. Archived from the original on 8 October 2014. Retrieved 14 October 2014.
  41. ^ "Nellore City Assembly 2014 Election Results". Elections.in. Retrieved 14 October 2014.
  42. ^ Prasad, P. V. (30 November 2016). "Gutti Vankaya curry no more a delicacy". The Hans India. Retrieved 9 June 2019.
  43. ^ G. Ravikiran (31 October 2014). "'Rottela Panduga' from Nov. 4 in Nellore". The Hindu.
  44. ^ G. Ravikiran (5 November 2014). "2 lakh devotees throng Bara Shahid dargah". The Hindu.
  45. ^ Prasad, P. V. (4 March 2017). "Cultured korameenu takes sheen off fish curry". The Hans India. Retrieved 9 June 2019.
  46. ^ Prasad, P. V. (21 April 2016). "Nellore Malai Kaja goes online". The Hans India. Nellore. Retrieved 9 June 2019.
  47. ^ "Zaminryot Home: Longest Living Newspaper in Telegu Journalism". Zaminryot (in Telugu). Retrieved 9 October 2023.
  48. ^
  49. ^ "వార్త ఆంధ్రజ్యోతి Nellore main edition". epaper AndhraJyothy Vaartha-Telugu News (in Telugu). Retrieved 9 October 2023.
  50. ^ "SPSR Nellore". Sakshi (in Telugu). Retrieved 9 October 2023.
  51. ^ "Growing number of vehicles cause of traffic chaos in Nellore". The Hindu. Nellore. 13 February 2017. Retrieved 4 July 2017.
  52. ^ a b "ORR proposed for Nellore to decongest city traffic". The Hans India. Retrieved 4 July 2017.
  53. ^ "Bus stations across AP to be linked to PNBS". The Hindu. Retrieved 4 July 2017.
  54. ^ "Vijayawada Division – a profile" (PDF). Indian Railways. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
  55. ^ "Railways will help develop AP". The Hans India. Retrieved 4 July 2017.
  56. ^ "Nellore South Railway Station". Indian Railways Trains & Stations – India Rail Info. Retrieved 18 July 2015.
  57. ^ "Nellore-Central MEMU services from tomorrow". The Hindu. Chennai. 8 November 2002. Retrieved 4 July 2017.[dead link]
  58. ^ Reddy, B. Dasarath (25 December 2015). "Traffic rise in old airports gives a boost to Andhra's plan to build 6 new runways". Business Standard India. Retrieved 24 May 2017.
  59. ^ "Details of Roads in each ULB of Andhra Pradesh". Municipal Administration and Urban Development Department. Archived from the original on 1 August 2016. Retrieved 27 June 2016.
  60. ^ "NHAI Under Pressure to Lay Another Bypass Road". The New Indian Express. 25 August 2014. Archived from the original on 28 August 2014. Retrieved 4 June 2016.
[edit]
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